一、主谓一致的原则 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则: 1. 语法一致原则:主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 2. 意义一致原则:谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数时，谓语根据意义用复数形式;当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语根据意义用单数形式。 3. 就近一致原则:谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单、复数形式。 二、主谓一致的具体应用 1. 名词作主语 1)集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, government, enemy, committee等。有些集体名词如cattle, people, police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如: The army has advanced to the river. The team are driving to the game in their own cars. The police have been searching for Tom for years. 2)单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式。如: The only means of communication between them was sign language. All possible means have been tried. 3)表示单数概念的复形名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名等)作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如: Statistics is a principal course at the business college. General Motors produces many different types of cars. 4)trousers, shoes, chopsticks, sunglasses等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等时，谓语动词一般用单数。如: These trousers are too large. Apair of trousers is not enough. 5)当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如: Seven kilometers was covered in two hours. Two hundred dollars is a lot to me. Ten minutes was given to prepare the answer. 6)“more than one / many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式;“more +复数名词+ than one”作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如: More than one person has been involved in this. Many a student has seen the film. More boxes than one have been used at the station. 7)“分数或百分数+ of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如: Only one third of the homework was finished yesterday. Three fourths of the students come to school on time every day. 2. 代词作主语 1)代词each, either, neither, another以及复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如: Each student has a dictionary in our class. Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. 2)关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。如: Don’t you know the people who live next door?(先行词是people) My wife, who is out at the moment, will phone you when she gets back.(先行词是My wife) 3)all, most, none, some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如: All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. None is more qualified for the task than he. 3. 由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语 1)由and或both ... and ...连接的并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但当and不表示并列意义，而是连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词则用单数形式。如: Both Mike and Jim have red hair. The writer and reporter has given us a talk. There is a watch and chain on the table.(watch and chain带链的表) 2)当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如由with, but, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如: The professor, together with his students, is dining here tonight. 3)由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要与邻近的主语相一致。如: Either his brother or his friends are wrong. Not only I but also my sister is fond of reading. 4. 从句及非谓语动词作主语
文章来源：《高考》 网址: http://www.gkzzs.cn/zonghexinwen/2020/0921/944.html
上一篇：这个太缺名校的高考大省，迎来北京985
下一篇：“高考疯子” 吴善柳，复读8年考上清华，毕业后
|